Organic Chemistry Testing Markovnikov's Rule Lab Report

Organic Chemistry Testing Markovnikov's Rule - Lab Report Example This is practically true considering a case in which an alkene is meant to react with water in the addition reaction with alcohol that involves the carbocations formation as the ultimate result. Arguably, the group of hydroxyl (OH) combines with the atom of carbon with the highest amount of carbon-carbon bonds, with the hydrogen bonding to the carbon possessing on high carbon-hydrogen bonds. Certainly, it is apparent that for Markovnikov Rule, the chemical basis is the establishment of a carbocation often considered most stable during the process of addition. As widely cited, the hydrogen ion addition to a unit atom of carbon within the alkene establishes a charge that is positive on another carbon forming an intermediate carbocation (Lehman 7). With increasing substitution of the carbocation, the bonds to carbon or substituent to electron donating increases, as well making it an intermediate, which is somewhat stable given the hyper conjugation and induction. What this means is that the component of the reaction of addition is a product that is made from an intermediate considered most stable. In this case, one key product of HX addition to an alkene contains an atom of hydrogen in a position of minimal substitution whereas X is in a position that can easily be substituted. The less stable, less substituted carbocation will eventually be established to a certain degree and will end up establishing a product that is minor with the X attachment on the opposite side. With a view to test the practicality of Markovnikov’s Rule, this experimental was set up with a focus on Markovnikov’s Rule A solution containing 0.80mmol of iodine was prepared in 1.0mL of THF in a vial dram. 4.00mmol of 1-hexene was charged into a 10ml round-bottom flask, a 4.0 mL of THF was added, and a stir bar used to stir and dissolve the mixture. 1.6mmol of

State of the U.S. Macroeconomy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

State of the U.S. Macroeconomy - Essay Example Over the last twelve months, the economic recovery that began in the year 2009 is observed to have strengthened. Although the growth has not been fast enough to have a significant impact on the job market, the GDP of the country has shown drastic improvement. For instance, February 2015, the US dollar is seen to gain strength over the Canadian dollar. Furthermore, the US dollar has traded favorably with UK pound. Between 2014 and 2015, the US dollar has recorded tremendous improvement over the British pound moving from 0.58 to 0.66 British pounds. This figure translates that, for every 1 US dollar is equivalent to 0.66 British pounds. A foreign exchange rate determines how much a unit of currency will be exchanged for another currency (Thomson, 2015). I know most of you could be wondering what determined these foreign exchange rates. Foreign exchange rates are determined by various factors such as the current market forces of demand and supply. In other words, how much the demand for a currency is in relation to its supply will determine the value of the currency in relation to other currencies. For instance, if the demand of the US dollar increases, the value of its currency in relation to other currencies will rise (Thomson, 2015). Thank you for listening to me and for your cooperation. I will be pleased to take any

The Teaching Profession Essay Example for Free

The Teaching Profession Essay Having perused the description of the teaching career in the Occupational Outlook Handbook, I am convinced that teaching is one of the best professions.   It is not only joyful to impart learning to a group of children, but it also serves a very important purpose.   Teachers shape lives.   Therefore, I believe that there is no career more important than teaching.   The best teachers help their students to develop great interest in continuous learning, while showing them how to respect others and develop a sense of self-worth.    Teachers may be creative, independent, and flexible on the job. They may educate, guide, inspire, counsel, discipline as well as train.   They may give unto children the tools they could use throughout their lifetimes to make essential discoveries.   Teachers make a difference in their students’ lives, inspire young people to do amazing things, while challenging themselves and learning new things day after day.   Indeed, teachers may change the world. Yet the most important reason why I want to become a teacher is that I believe in lifetime learning.   My learning would be of little benefit to the world if I would not choose teaching as a profession.   After all, the human community is based on sharing as well as caring.   I would like to keep on learning while sharing my knowledge with others.   Thus, teaching happens to be the most appealing profession to me.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Nevertheless, the Occupational Outlook Handbook has not convinced me to take up teaching as a career in a public school.   The training and licensing requirements for these schools are rather stringent.   However, the Occupational Outlook Handbook mentions that â€Å"[p]rivate schools are generally exempt from meeting State licensing standards (â€Å"Teachers,† 2007).†Ã‚   Hence, I would certainly continue to consider teaching in a private school as a good career choice for me. References Teachers – Preschool, Kingergarten, Elementary, Middle, and Secondary. (2007, Jul 18). Occupational Outlook Handbook. Retrieved Nov 28, 2007, from http://www.bls.gov/oco/ocos069.htm.

Emily Dickinsons Symbolism of Death

Emily Dickinsons Symbolism of Death Emily Dickinson is thought to be â€Å"one of the greatest American poets that have ever existed† (Benfey 5). Her poems can be directly linked to her life and many of them are about death. Only seven of Dickinsons poems were published while she was alive and her works were heavily criticized. However, despite the harsh criticism her works on the subjects of life and death are now among the most riveting in the English language. Dickinson was antisocial and refused to leave her home or have visitors. Some biographers say that in the early 1860s Dickinson went through an emotional crisis because of her isolation. Her emotional state was further disturbed when her father died in 1874 followed by a close family friend, Otis Lord, a couple years later. Dickinson herself described what she felt at that time as an â€Å"attack of nerves† (Cameron 29). Dickinsons remorse inspired her to write more poems: in 1862 she composed over 300 poems. â€Å"Her absorption in the world of feeling found some relief in associations with nature; yet although she loved nature and wrote many nature lyrics, her interpretations are always more or less swayed by her own state of being† (Benfey 22). â€Å"The quality of her writing is profoundly stirring, because it betrays, not the intellectual pioneer, but the acutely observant woman, whose capacity for feeling was profound† (Bennet 61). The seven poems that were published during her lifetime were published anonymously and a few without her consent. â€Å"The editors of the periodicals in which her lyrics appeared made significant alterations to them in attempt to regularize the meter and grammar, consequently discouraging Dickinson from seeking further publication† (Fuller 17). After Dickinsons death all her poems were published and she was acknowledged as a poet ahead of her time. Some critics thought that, â€Å"Her work was often cryptic in thought and unmelodious in expression† (Bennet 64). A poem written during her attack of nerves in 1862 titled â€Å"This is my letter to the World† is written, as the title implies, as a message to the world after her death as if she were speaking beyond the grave. â€Å"The plea that she be judged tenderly for natures sake combines an insistence on imitation of nature as the basis of her art with a special plea for tenderness towards her own fragility or sensitivity; but poetry should be judged by how well the poet achieves his or her intention and not by the poem alone, as Emily Dickinson surely knew† (Bloom 297). â€Å"This particular poems generalization about her isolation—and its apologetic tone—tends toward the sentimental, but one can detect some desperation underneath the softness† (Bloom 298). Another poem, â€Å"Tell all the Truth, but tell it slant-â€Å" is full of her slant rhymes which make the reader get lost in her puzzle of words. â€Å"The idea of artistic success lying in circuit—that is, in confusion and symbolism—goes well with the stress on amazing sense and staggering paradoxes which we have seen her express elsewhere† (Eberwein 171). She seems to enjoy keeping truths from being revealed, as if we are not ready to know the truth. . â€Å"On the very personal level for Emilys mind, â€Å"infirm delight† would correspond to her fear or experience and her preference for anticipation over fulfillment. For her, Truths surprise had to remain in the world of imagination. However, superb surprise sounds more delightful than frightening† (Bloom 89). Dickinsons famous poem Success is Counted Sweetest, is sagely and complex. â€Å"It proceeds by inductive logic to show how painful situations create knowledge and experience not otherwise available† (Eberwein 18). The poem begins with underdogs in their struggle for success and their indomitable will to succeed. Then the poem gains momentum by stating that only those with the most thirst can comprehend what they need to succeed. â€Å"Having briefly introduced people who are learning through deprivation, Emily goes onto the longer description of a person dying on a battlefield. The word â€Å"host,† referring to an armed troop, gives the scene an artificial elevation intensified by the royal color purple. These seemingly victorious people understand the nature of victory much less than does a person who has been denied it and lies dying. His ear is forbidden because it must strain to hear and will soon not hear at all† (Eberwein 19). Even though this poem is com plex it has a cheerful side and paints excellent images. â€Å"On the biographical level, it can be seen as a celebration of the virtues and rewards of Emily Dickinsons renunciatory way of life, and as an attack on those around her who achieved worldly success† (Bloom 158). Of all her poems â€Å"I Heard a Fly Buzz—When I Died—† follows Dickinsons style and infatuation with life and death most devoutly. The start of the poem has great impact. She describes the moment of her death, so you are already aware she is dead. â€Å"In the first stanza, the death rooms stillness contrasts with a flys buzz that the dying person hears, and the tension pervading the scene is likened to the pauses within a storm. The second stanza focuses on the concerned onlookers, whose strained eyes and gathered breath emphasize their concentration in the face of a sacred event: the arrival of the â€Å"King,† who is death. In the third stanza, attention shifts back to the speaker, who has been observing her own death with all the strength of her remaining senses† (Eberwein 201). As her senses start to leave her she makes a will of her material possessions so people can remember her and starts to saunter slowly towards death. â€Å"But the buzz ing fly intervenes at the last instant; the phrase and then† indicates that this is a casual event, as if the ordinary course of life were in no way being interrupted by her death† (Bloom 365). â€Å"The flys â€Å"blue buzz† is one of the most famous pieces of synesthesia in Emily Dickinsons poems. This image represents the fusing of color and sound by the dying persons diminishing senses. The uncertainty of the flys darting motions parallels her state of mind. Flying between the light and her, it seems to both signal the moment of death and represent the world that she is leaving† (Bloom 365). â€Å"In â€Å"This World is Not Conclusion,† Emily Dickinson dramatizes a conflict faith in immortality and severe doubt† (Bloom 55). The last eight lines were omitted by the publishers because of its controversial content. The altered poem no longer retained its original meaning. â€Å"The complete poem can be divided into two parts: the first twelve lines and the final eight lines† (Eberwein 89). The first four lines speak of the afterlife and how we should intuitively know it exists. The next four lines are about struggling and surviving. â€Å"Even wise people must pass through the riddle of death without knowing where they are going† (Bloom 55). â€Å"In the next four lines, the speaker struggles to assert faith. Her faith now appears in the form of a bird that is searching for reasons to believe. But available evidence proves as irrelevant as twigs and as indefinite as the directions shown by a spinning weathervane. The desperation of a bird aimles sly looking for its way is analogous to the behavior of preachers whose gestures and hallelujahs cannot point the way to faith† (Bloom 56). The poem ends with the message that no one can be rid of doubt, not even the preachers themselves. It manages to make the reader question whether there is an afterlife. Finally, the poem â€Å"This Consciousness That Is Aware† starts off by talking about how experiencing death changes a person. â€Å"The poem opens by dramatizing the sense of mortality which people often feel when they contrast their individual time bound lives to the world passing by them† (Eberwein 49). In the next stanza the order of the words are reversed to show that the speakers life has been flipped upside-down. â€Å"The speaker anticipates moving between experience and death—that is, from experience into death by means of the experiment of dying. Dying is an experiment because it will test us, and allow us, and no one else, to know if our qualities are high enough to let us survive beyond death† (Bloom 137). As in her other poems, Dickinson seeks answers through death. It is as if she is courting death through her poetry. Dickinsons poems, even this small sample, touch upon death. Shes a spiritual person who prefers to look inward for answers. This inwardness explains her preference to being isolated and her fascination with death as those close to her died. It difficult to say exactly how many of her poems touch on the subject of life and death, but certainly most of them mention it. This is not surprising considering that a small New England town in the 1800s had a high mortality rate. Because of this there was death all around her. â€Å"This factor contributed to her preoccupation with death, as well as her withdrawal from the world, her anguish over her lack of romantic love, and her doubts about fulfillment beyond the grave† (Cameron 114). What is fascinating is that she tackles the sensitive issue of death in a way that her â€Å"Readers tend to be impressed by her sensitive and imaginative handling of this painful subject† (Stonum 83). â€Å"If nothing else had come out of our l ife but this strange poetry we should feel that in the work of Emily Dickinson, America, or New England rather, had made a distinctive addition to the literature of the world, and could not be left out of any record of it† (Benfey 66). Dickinsons poetry is a quest to the answers within us all concerning life and death.

Free Nature vs. Nurture Essay -- Biology Genes Science Essays

Nature vs Nurture The exponential growth of scientific and biological knowledge over time has facilitated the genesis of radical fields of specialization, namely biological determinism, sociobiology and eugenics, just to mention a few. The common thread between these fields is this- their proponents collectively postulate that all human traits, including weight, strength, intelligence, aspects of personality such as temperament (aggression for example), criminality and morality, are ultimately determined by the information encoded in DNA. They espouse that "we are who we are" because of our genes solely; that biodiversity in man is ultimately precipitated by phenotypic variations, caused by purely genetic differences, amongst individuals, therefore ostensibly offering little or no gravity to nongenetic factors. Nongenetic factors, generically labelled as the environment, encompass not only the physical, chemical and biological criterion, but also the numerous social and psychological ones that shape our lives as we grow and mature. Can we seriously take the influence of the env... Free Nature vs. Nurture Essay -- Biology Genes Science Essays Nature vs Nurture The exponential growth of scientific and biological knowledge over time has facilitated the genesis of radical fields of specialization, namely biological determinism, sociobiology and eugenics, just to mention a few. The common thread between these fields is this- their proponents collectively postulate that all human traits, including weight, strength, intelligence, aspects of personality such as temperament (aggression for example), criminality and morality, are ultimately determined by the information encoded in DNA. They espouse that "we are who we are" because of our genes solely; that biodiversity in man is ultimately precipitated by phenotypic variations, caused by purely genetic differences, amongst individuals, therefore ostensibly offering little or no gravity to nongenetic factors. Nongenetic factors, generically labelled as the environment, encompass not only the physical, chemical and biological criterion, but also the numerous social and psychological ones that shape our lives as we grow and mature. Can we seriously take the influence of the env...

Philip Tompkins Organizational Communicatin Imperatives :: essays research papers

Philip Tompkins' Organizational Communicatin Imperatives INTRODUCTION In the book Organizational Communication Imperatives, by Philip K. Tompkins, we are introduced to a chapter that deals with an organization that is held under high prestige by not only those who are employed by it, but by a country as well. This American organization is NASA, (National Aeronautical Space Administration), and although a very prestigious place to work, it is not free of its share of wrongdoing and counter productive ways. Ten years ago (1986), NASA was faced with its biggest catastrophe, The Challenger Explosion. This preventable event , which claimed the life of a crew of seven, left many questioning the ability of communication throughout NASA. The idea that a crucial element of the space shuttle, O-Rings, would pass inspection, although many scientists doubted the success of these, would be the ultimate cause of the crew's demise shortly after lift off. It seems these scientists' doubts were overlooked by a higher authority who gave the go ahead knowing the risk at stake.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  The United States Army, well known for its maintaining of order and conduct, has fallen into a most peculiar and shameful predicament due to lack of communication. The New York Times brought its readers to the attention that all was not right in the military. An organization that shares a similar prestige to that of NASA, an organization who has exemplified its leadership time and time again by becoming a force, so powerful, that it is sometimes considered to police the world, has fallen into a sex abuse scandal. It seems that several women have come forward to proclaim their mistreatment from various acts ranging from rape to verbal harassment instilled upon them by members of the military. These women feel, had there been a genuine form of organizational communication, the study of sending and receiving messages, they would not have fell victims' to such hideous crimes. Senator Barbara Boxer stated (New York Times 11/96) that the complaints made by the women who came forward immediately were lost somewhere along the line in an attempt to reach a higher authority, signifying a need for some type of restructure. STRENGTHS In the minds of many people today the United States Army Is considered to have one of the best structured organizational communication networks. This is based upon the specified code of conduct that the Army is underlyingly ruled by. This is upheld by the specific chain of command which is easily distinguished by rank and uniform. Strict punishment is carried out upon those who violate rules and conduct, commonly accepted by this organization. The authority figures, in the Army, set tasks, and relay a common purpose to all

Language education Essay

It is not a secret that teaching has a great role in our life. In our constantly changing world we have to get knowledge from everything: from people and things surrounding us, from different technologies, from our experience. But nothing of these can take the place of a teacher, who plays a great role in life of every person. During rather long period of time a teacher was an integral part of children’s life. He does not only impart the knowledge of the world, prepares children for everyday life but also influences their souls, teaches them to be honest, to be patient, to help each other, to  respect each other. But who is a teacher? We usually think that a teacher especially if we speak of a female is a nervous persistent creature. And if we speak of a male, we are sure he is odd, absent- minded and very often not strongly built and healthy. But in the broadest sense, a teacher can be defined as someone who not only teaches or imparts knowledge, but also someone responsible for shaping the minds and hearts of all those whom they teach. Foreign language teachers have a lot of common qualities with the teachers of other subjects. Moreover such â€Å"ideal† teacher would posses personal qualities, technical abilities and professional understanding. One must admit that the future of any student depends on the qualities and dedication of a teacher of foreign language or any other subject. That is why it is necessary to be a good teacher who will create an interest in students to achieve the aims they set for themselves. But what qualities, features do make a teacher a good teacher? Speaking about it first of all we should touch teacher’s personal and professional qualities. The most important feature for both foreign language teacher and teacher of other subjects is to enjoy his profession and love children. If a teacher loves his profession and his students he is ready to devote themselves to such a hard work as being a teacher. A teacher who is full of love for his work is motivated, energized, and creative; he comes to place of work in high spirits, he is open and can share his positive emotions with the students. The next most important concern is teacher’s eternal patience. A foreign language teacher must be patient. He must never be annoyed with students because they don’t understand something. Not all children learn at the same pace and inevitably some will require special attention. However, giving up on these children is a mistake as they can usually succeed with encouragement and hard work. It is a well-known fact that a good teacher must possess leadership qualities. He must have great confidence and strong will power to obtain the best results from his students. A good sense of humour is another great tool that helps a teacher to simplify his task. I  think that a good sense of humor can create a pleasant atmosphere where everyone knows they can ask questions, make mistakes or try out new ideas. One more qualities of a good teacher which is necessary to mention is respect. It is very important to respect the students, their opinions, ideas, style of living, and attitude towards something. Having that respect for others gets you the respect back from others. Endurance, tolerance, optimism, enthusiasm, objectiveness, amiable disposition are also in the first ranks of qualities of a good teacher. I think that all these characteristics are some kind of challenge for a person because it is not so easy to combine all of them. But as the future teachers we must make every effort in order to develop them because we are the future examples for younger generation. Besides, a good foreign language teacher should possess certain professional knowledge. First of all he must know psychology of his children. It will help a teacher to have a certain way with the students, to involve them, to make the lessons more interesting and effective. Without any doubt a good foreign language teacher must be knowledgeable in his subject, because he is an example for the pupils. He must know all the peculiarities of the language, its grammar, lexical structure perfectly well. The pronunciation of a good foreign language teacher must also be on a high level. In other words he must be a professional, a master of his skills. Besides, a good teacher also must have the ability to analyze his work in order to see his mistakes, to find more effective and productive way of teaching. But on the other hand, their social position of officially respected but badly paid specialists doesn’t allow them to occupy the desirable step on the social ladder. Unfortunately very often teachers don’t have an easy access to necessary scientific literature to improve their professional skills. One more negative aspect of this profession is that they almost have no weekends, as their Monday is more likely to begin on Sunday, because some important preparations should be done. And young teachers are often not ready for the emotional impact and the amount of work  coming down on the teacher. To draw the conclusion, one can say that future teachers must remember that being a teacher is a great responsibility, because teachers are charged with children’s young souls. They must improve themselves in order to become good teachers, to acquire the qualities which will help to open children’s hearts, to become friends for them, to become examples for them to follow, to stay in their minds and hearts forever. One cannot deny that the experience the teachers get at school make a great influence on their attitudes to life and people.